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The term 'founding myth' is shaped by the breakdown of the old and new mythologies in the 18th and 19th centuries. A revival of the values of the Christian Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Reformation, and to some extent even the Enlightenment is therefore no longer possible. On the other hand, without the preservation of this cultural heritage Europe faces the threat of losing its identity. Founding myths had - and still have - a more sustained effect on the history of premodern Europe than rational thinkers of modern Europe are often willing to admit.This volume examines the many medieval narratives of origins, lineages and direct contact with God in quite diverse contexts. The contributions discuss in particular to what extent premodern foundation myths contributed to the creation of European identity.