Details

Care of People with Diabetes

A Manual for Healthcare Practice
5. Aufl.

von: Trisha Dunning, Alan J. Sinclair
CHF 56.00
Verlag:	Wiley-Blackwell
Format:	EPUB
Veröffentl.:	23.01.2020
ISBN/EAN:	9781119520870
Sprache:	englisch
Anzahl Seiten:	624

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Beschreibungen

Titelbeschreibung

Now in its fifth edition, Care of People with Diabetes is a comprehensive clinical manual for nurses, healthcare professionals and students alike, providing an extensive summary of the most up-to-date knowledge in a rapidly developing field, as well as the role of education and self-care in achieving desirable outcomes. Covering both the theory and evidence-based practice of diabetes care, this authoritative volume integrates traditional thinking and innovative concepts to challenge readers to ‘think outside the box’ when rendering care. <ul> <li>New and updated content on the pathophysiology of diabetes and the implications for management, how to apply guideline recommendations in practice, and contemporary evidence for best practice diabetes care</li> <li>Highlights personalised care and shared, evidence-based decision-making, emphasising the need for effective communication to reduce judgmental language and the negative effect it has on wellbeing and outcomes</li> <li>Written by internationally recognised experts in diabetes care, research and education</li> <li>Includes a range of learning features, such as practice questions, key learning points, diagrams, and further reading suggestions</li> </ul> Care of People with Diabetes is an essential companion to clinical practice for both trainee and experienced nurses and healthcare professionals, particularly those in acute care settings, and students undertaking diabetes courses or preparing for qualification exams.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Foreword xiii Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii List of Abbreviations and Symbols xix 1 Diagnosing and Classifying Diabetes 1 Key points 1 What is diabetes mellitus? 2 Prevalence of diabetes 2 Classification of diabetes 3 Overview of normal glucose homeostasis 3 Brain‐centric model of glucose homeostasis 10 Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents 13 Types of diabetes 14 Diagnosing diabetes 22 Preventing diabetes 26 Managing diabetes mellitus 29 Key points 29 Complications of diabetes 36 Aims and objectives of diabetes care 38 Technology and diabetes management 40 A sobering final comment 42 References 43 2 Holistic Personalised Diabetes Care 49 Key points 49 Rationale 49 Shared decision‐making (SDM) 50 Holistic diabetes care 51 Communication and the power of language 52 Reading fiction to improve empathy and communication skills 53 Care models 53 Characteristics of an holistic health history 55 References 58 3 Assessing and Monitoring People with Diabetes 61 Key points 61 Rationale 61 Key issues to consider in comprehensive assessments 62 Monitoring glucose levels 62 Monitoring 1: Blood glucose 64 Key points 64 Insulin pumps 75 Monitoring 2: Urine glucose 76 Key points 76 Monitoring 3: Additional assessment 78 Self‐care 82 The annual review 83 Summary 83 References 83 4 Nutrition and Weight Management 87 Key points 87 Rationale 87 The importance of good nutrition 88 Malnutrition and undernutrition 88 Method of screening for dietary characteristics and problems 90 Principles of dietary management for people with diabetes 92 Goals of dietary management 95 Overweight and obesity 95 Methods of measuring weight 99 Managing obesity and diabetes 100 Dietary management: overweight and obesity 101 Factors associated with making dietary changes 103 Key points 104 Alcohol 107 Exercise/activity 107 References 108 Further reading 112 5 Medicine Management 113 Key points 113 Introduction 114 QUM 114 QUM and diabetes 114 GLM 117 Medicine interactions 129 Combining GLMs and insulin 130 When should insulin be initiated in Type 2 diabetes? 131 Challenges to initiating insulin therapy 134 Some strategies to overcome the barriers 135 Insulin therapy 136 Types of insulin available 136 Storing insulin 139 Injection sites and administration 140 Mixing short/rapid acting‐ and intermediate‐acting insulins 141 Commonly used insulin regimens 141 Interpreting morning hyperglycaemia 143 CSII 143 Continuous blood glucose sensors 144 Subcutaneous insulin sliding scales and top‐up regimens 145 Uses of insulin infusions 147 Insulin allergy 149 Pancreas transplants 150 Stabilising diabetes 150 Stabilising diabetes in hospital 150 Community and outpatient insulin stabilisation 151 Lipid‐lowering agents 153 Monitoring lipid medicines 157 Antihypertensive agents 158 Antiplatelet agents 159 Medication safety, adherence, and medication self‐management 161 Enhancing medication self‐care 163 Example protocol for outpatient stabilisation onto insulin 166 References 167 6 Hypoglycaemia 175 Key points 175 Rationale 175 Introduction 176 The counter‐regulatory response 178 Definition of hypoglycaemia 179 Recognising hypoglycaemia 182 The brain and glucose homeostasis 183 Causes of hypoglycaemia 183 Preventing and managing hypoglycaemia 184 Hypoglycaemic unawareness 185 Prevalence of HU 186 Nocturnal hypoglycaemia 187 Relative hypoglycaemia 189 Medicine interactions 189 Objectives of care 190 Treatment 190 Prolonged hypoglycaemia 191 Patients most at risk of hypoglycaemia 192 Psychological effects of hypoglycaemia 193 Guidelines for administering glucagon 194 Adverse reactions 195 References 196 7 Hyperglycaemia, Acute Illness, Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic States (HHS), and Lactic Acidosis 199 Key points 199 Rationale 200 Prevention: proactively managing intercurrent illness 200 Self‐care during illness 202 Hyperglycaemia 202 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) 204 Brittle diabetes and hyperglycaemia 211 Euglycaemic DKA 211 Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic states 212 Lactic acidosis 214 References 216 8 Long‐Term Complications of Diabetes 219 Key points 219 Introduction 220 Diabetes and complexity 220 Pathophysiology of diabetes complications 221 Cardiovascular disease and diabetes 223 Key points 223 Cerebrovascular disease 236 Diabetes and eye disease 237 Diabetes and renal disease 243 Peripheral and autonomic neuropathy 255 Autonomic neuropathy 266 References 270 9 Management in Hospital, Surgery, and Investigations 279 Emergency department 279 Key points 279 Surgical procedures 280 Key points 280 Preoperative care 284 Postoperative care 289 Guidelines for informing people with diabetes about what they should do prior to surgical procedures 290 Insulin pump therapy in patients undergoing surgery 292 Emergency procedures 292 Bariatric surgery 293 Investigative procedures 293 Key points 293 The objectives of care 294 General management 294 Eye procedures 295 Complementary medicines and other therapies during surgery and investigative procedures 298 Preoperative phase 298 Postoperative phase 299 Implications for care 299 References 300 Example Information 2(a): Instructions for people with diabetes on oral glucose-lowering medicines having procedures as outpatients under sedation of general anaesthesia 301 Example Instruction Sheet 2(b): Instructions for people with diabetes on insulin having procedures as outpatients under sedation or general anaesthesia 302 10 Conditions Associated with Diabetes 303 Key points 303 Introduction 303 Enteral and parenteral nutrition 304 Diabetes and cancer 309 Smoking, alcohol, and illegal drug use 315 Brittle or labile diabetes 326 Oral health and diabetes 328 Diabetes and liver disease 329 Haemochromatosis 332 Diabetic mastopathy 333 Diabetes and coeliac disease 334 Cystic fibrosis−related diabetes 336 Incontinence 338 Sleep disturbance and diabetes 340 Diabetes and tuberculosis 341 Diabetes and HIV/AIDS 342 Diabetes and hearing loss 343 Diabetes, musculoskeletal disease, and osteoporosis 345 Corticosteroid medications and diabetes 347 Key points 347 Diabetes and driving 350 Diabetes and fasting for religious observances 359 Education and counselling 359 References 360 11 Sexual and Reproductive Health 371 Key points 371 Rationale 371 Sexual health 372 Sexual development 373 Sexual problems 374 Possible causes of sexual difficulties and dysfunction 374 Sexuality and older people 375 Women 376 Men 377 Sexual counselling 380 Role of the clinician 383 References 383 12 Diabetes and Older People 385 Key points 385 Rationale 386 Introduction 386 Determining functional status 392 Geriatric syndromes 394 Cognitive functioning and dementia 395 Depression and older people with diabetes 400 Dementia 400 Caring for older people with diabetes 401 Education approaches 408 Self‐care 409 Factors that can affect metabolic control 410 Overall care strategies 417 References 418 13 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents 425 Key points 425 Rationale 425 Introduction 426 Impact of hyper‐ and hypoglycaemia on brain development and function 429 Managing children and adolescents with diabetes 430 Aspects of care that apply to both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents 430 Managing type 1 diabetes 431 Managing type 2 diabetes 433 Medicine self‐management 436 Other conditions associated with diabetes 436 Strategies for enhancing adherence during adolescence 437 Ketoacidosis in children 438 Complementary therapy use in children 438 References 439 14 Women, Pregnancy, and Gestational Diabetes 443 Key points 443 Rationale 443 Polycystic ovarian syndrome 444 Contraception options for women with diabetes 447 Pregnancy 449 Gestational diabetes 455 Menopause and diabetes 459 References 462 15 Psychological and Quality of Life Issues Related to Having Diabetes 467 Key points 467 Rationale 468 Introduction 468 Clinician factors 469 Adjustment and spirituality 472 Diabetes: reputation and myths 473 Diabetes‐related distress 474 Quality of life 474 Diabetes and depression 476 Mental health and type 1 diabetes 480 Mental health and type 2 diabetes 480 Psychological distress and cardiovascular disease 481 Psychiatric disorders, diabetes, and antipsychotic medicines 482 Diabetes conversations and language 483 References 486 Further reading 490 16 Diabetes Education 491 Key points 491 Rationale 492 Introduction 492 Learning styles 495 Education and other theories/models 497 Communication – having good conversations 500 Teaching: an art and a process 503 Health literacy 504 Survival skills 507 Empowerment 508 Special issues 509 The clinicians’ role in diabetes education 509 Documenting diabetes education 512 Evaluating diabetes education 515 References 517 Further reading 521 17 Managing Diabetes at the End of Life 523 Key points 523 Introduction 524 Explanation of terms: values, life limiting illness, palliative care, terminal care, and end‐of‐life care 524 Palliative care 525 General management considerations for managing diabetes at the end of life 531 Diabetes‐specific considerations 532 Medicine management 534 Type 1 diabetes 534 Nutrition and hydration 536 Diabetogenetic medicines 537 Supporting family/carers 538 Withdrawing treatment 539 Diabetes education 539 References 540 18 Complementary Medicine 543 Key points 543 Rationale 543 Introduction 544 CAM philosophy 546 Integrating complementary and conventional care 547 Can Complementary Therapies Benefit People with Diabetes? 549 Spirituality 552 CM and surgery 552 Herb/medicine interactions 556 How can CM be used safely? 556 Clinician responsibilities 560 Identifying quality health information on the internet 561 Recommended resources 563 References 563 Index 567

Autorenportrait

PROFESSOR TRISHA DUNNING, AM, RN, MEd, PHD, CDE, FACN (DLF), is a Registered Nurse and credentialed Diabetes Educator. She is the Chair in Nursing at Barwon Health and Deakin University Partnership in Geelong, Australia. PROFESSOR ALAN SINCLAIR, MSC, MD, FRCP, is Director of the Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People (FDROP) at Diabetes Frail, and Visiting Chair in Diabetes Care, King's College London, London, UK.

Back cover copy

CARE OF PEOPLE WITH DIABETES Now in its fifth edition, Care of People with Diabetes is a comprehensive clinical manual for nurses, healthcare professionals and students alike, providing an extensive summary of the most up-to-date knowledge in a rapidly developing field, as well as the role of education and self-care in achieving desirable outcomes. Covering both the theory and evidence-based practice of diabetes care, this authoritative volume integrates traditional thinking and innovative concepts to challenge readers to 'think outside the box' when rendering care. <ul> <li>New and updated content on the pathophysiology of diabetes and the implications for management, how to apply guideline recommendations in practice, and contemporary evidence for best practice diabetes care</li> <li>Highlights personalised care and shared, evidence-based decision-making, emphasising the need for effective communication to reduce judgmental language and the negative effect it has on wellbeing and outcomes</li> <li>Written by internationally recognised experts in diabetes care, research and education</li> <li>Includes a range of learning features, such as practice questions, key learning points, diagrams, and further reading suggestions</li> </ul> Care of People with Diabetes is an essential companion to clinical practice for both trainee and experienced nurses and healthcare professionals, particularly those in acute care settings, and students undertaking diabetes courses or preparing for qualification exams.