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The chapters and discussions of this book revolve around insights into the philosophy of the ancient history of Mesopotamia, which collectively form a reading that the distinct natural geography of this country, which produced a unified and independent geographical entity separated by barriers of mountains and deserts from its neighboring countries, led its ancient kings and rulers to unify it politically. In one unified central state consistent with its geographical unity, and also by pushing the cultural achievements of its inhabitants in the south, center and north towards integration and fusion in one crucible. This philosophical intellectual reading of ancient Mesopotamian history has produced a number of results that refute claims that intersect with the historical unity of Iraq, which almost... The borders of Mesopotamia in the middle of the third millennium BC coincide with the map of the contemporary Iraqi state. These are allegations made to achieve various goals, the most important of which is the goal of fragmenting and fragmenting Iraq. The most dangerous of these was the one whose voice rose in conjunction with the American occupation of Iraq in the year 2003. This reading also resulted in the sectarianism against the facts of history and its ancient data... the sectarianism that led some academics, as well as politicians, to issue calls for the secession of important parts and cities of Iraq. Its single political and cultural entity has been at its core for thousands of years.