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The pre-Partition all-Ireland team that won the British Home Championships for the first time, in 1914. Including Patrick O’Connell.
Back (left to right): Referee (Unknown), Val Harris, Fred McKee, Davy Rollo, Patrick O’Connell. Front: E. H. Seymour (Trainer), Sam Young, Billy Gillespie, Alex Craig, Bill Lacey, Louis Bookman, Bill McConnell. (Colorsport)

The first post-Partition team to represent the Irish Free State as ‘Ireland’ abroad. Ireland at the Olympic games in Paris, 1924. (Getty)

Joe Bambrick: The man who scored six in a day. ‘Head, heel or toe, slip it to Joe.’ (Getty)

Notorious Bill McCracken: The man from the Falls Road who changed the shape of world football. (Colorsport)

73 years after his father laced Bambrick’s ball, Brian Kerr is appointed manager of the Republic of Ireland. (Getty)

The prolific Jimmy Dunne. The man Jamie Vardy never caught. Dunne played for both Irelands. (Getty)

Dave ‘Boy’ Martin: transferred with Johnny Brown from Belfast Celtic to Wolves for an Irish record £7,500. (Getty)

The boy from east Belfast plays for Eire: Johnny Brown, far left front row, kneels two places down from the remarkable Jimmy Dunne. The first game of the FAI’s end of season tour to Switzerland and France, 1937.

Taoiseach Eamon de Valera (left) at Ireland v Poland 1938 with President Douglas Hyde (centre, moustache). (Getty)

Foreigners? Four years before Hungary win at Wembley, the FAI Ireland team defeated England 2-0 at Goodison Park. They became the first ‘foreign’ team to win on English soil. Back-row (left to right): Con Martin, Thomas Aherne, T. Godwin, T. Moroney, W. Walsh. Front: P. Corr, O’Connor, Johnny Carey, P. Desmond, P. Farrell, D. Walsh. (Colorsport)

Wrexham 1950: the last Ireland team to have players selected from both sides of the border. Back (left to right): Norman Lockhart (Coventry), Danny Blanchflower (Barnsley), Hugh Kelly (Fulham goalkeeper), Gerard Bowler (Hull City), Sammy Smyth (Wolves), Reg Ryan (West Brom).
Front: John McKenna (Huddersfield), Robert Brennan (Birmingham), Con Martin (Aston Villa; captain), Tom Aherne (Luton Town), Davy Walsh (West Brom). (Colorsport)

Master and apprentice: Peter Doherty (right) shows the banned Johnny Crossan what it’s all about. (Getty)

The great Harry Gregg during Northern Ireland’s 2-2 draw with West Germany at the 1958 World Cup in Sweden. Four months after the Munich air disaster Gregg was voted goalkeeper of the tournament. (Getty)

Fans everywhere: Ireland v Spain at Dalymount Park, Dublin 1966 shows the popularity of soccer in a contested sporting landscape. (Getty)

Windsor Park, packed and framed by the Belfast landscape for Northern Ireland v Holland in 1977. George Best’s last Irish cap. (Getty)

An all-Ireland XI dressed up as Shamrock Rovers prepare to take on Brazil at Lansdowne Road, June 1973. (Getty)

One Arsenal, two Irelands: Frank Stapleton and Pat Jennings pose in the respective Irish kits. (Getty)

Wembley 1985: Jimmy Quinn, centre, celebrates Northern Ireland reaching a second consecutive World Cup. (Getty)

Alan McLoughlin, November 1993: An Irish Mancunian in Belfast after scoring the goal that took one Ireland to USA 94. (Getty)

That Stuttgart moment: travelling fans and Irish players go wild after Ray Houghton’s goal against England at Euro 88. (Getty)

Ireland’s favourite Englishman: Jack Charlton pleases his new public. (Colorsport)

Being there: Irish and English travelling fans have a kick about in Cagliari before the countries meet at Italia 90. (Getty)

Across a cultural border: Croke Park hosts soccer, a game it once banned. Republic of Ireland v Wales, March 2007. (Getty)

The Oval: home to Glentoran since 1892. Peter Doherty, Con Martin and Danny Blanchflower all played here in the shadow of shipyard cranes. (Getty)

Not Oriel Park: Dundalk’s players on a stage fit for their talents. AZ Alkmaar 2016, a 1-1 draw in the Europa League. (Getty)

Cool captain: Martin O’Neill spins away from Miguel Alonso (father of Xabi) as Northern Ireland beat hosts Spain at 1982 World Cup. (Getty)

Jumping for joy: Michael O’Neill celebrates Northern Ireland’s second goal against Ukraine at Euro 2016. (Getty)

The chance: Wes Hoolahan has his late shot stopped by the Italy goalkeeper Salvatore Sirigu. Wes came back for more. (Getty)

Always taking a step up: Gareth McAuley climbs highest to score Northern Ireland’s historic first goal at Euro 2016 against Ukraine. (Getty)

Louise Quinn, No. 4: ‘In no way will we accept a step backwards.’ Irish women ready to fight for their sport. (Getty)

George Best back on the street where he grew up: Belfast’s Cregagh estate. (Getty)

THE OLD JOKE ABOUT SEEKING DIRECTIONS FROM AN IRISHMAN AND receiving the reply: ‘Well, I wouldn’t start from here if I were you,’ is one of those that keeps on giving.

It has been present throughout the researching and writing of this book, whether at the end walking down the Newtownards Road in east Belfast looking at a portrait of Derek Dougan; or on the way hearing tales of early years in rural Galway from Paddy Mulligan; or wading through edition after edition of the Ipswich Evening Football Star from the 1950s in the British Library in London.

If literally lost in the hills above Castlerock in search of Harry Gregg, there have also been other moments of metaphorical dislocation. Irish football, in an organized sense, is almost 140 years old. It has had a border driven through it, it has not had a linear development; trying to find a pathway through it has meant wrong turns and dead ends.

Therefore, while it may sound peculiarly Irish, it seems necessary, like the old joke, to start with what this is not. It was re-assuring that on returning to Dave Hannigan’s book on Irish football from 1998, The Garrison Game, he began with a similar declaration. In Hannigan’s case it was about a chapter on Northern Ireland. There wasn’t one.

Here there is much Northern Ireland football – and Northern Ireland – but the book is 32-county in approach, even if quite a few counties go unmentioned. That is because this is not an encyclopedia of Irish football, nor is it an attempt at a definitive history of the sport on this island, a chronological re-telling of goals and games. As far as the Republic of Ireland is concerned, Sean Ryan has done that with Boys In Green, while Malcom Brodie wrote his first history of the game in the North in 1963.

It is, rather, a history of sorts, a compendium of stories and opinions and interviews that, hopefully, amounts to an overall impression of football, or soccer, in Ireland.

Its 32-county nature stems from the fact Irish football pre-dated the Irish border by 40 years and someone like William McCrum grew up playing football – and shaping it forever – in a united Ireland. It stems from meeting men such as Con Martin, a Dubliner who wore the green jersey of both northern and southern Ireland.

The lower case ‘n’ and ‘s’ are deliberate and cases are interchanged in the text, which should be self-explanatory. Con Martin did not play for Northern Ireland when they were called that, he played for them when they were simply called ‘Ireland’, even though they represented the northern, Irish Football Association (IFA), and the southern, Football Association of Ireland (FAI), bitterly resented them using the name.

Johnny Brown, from our family, did the same as Martin but in the opposite direction. It has been revealing and educational to revisit their lives and times, why it was possible to play for two Irelands and how that division – The Split – was sustained and maintained.

It meant that at the most recent international tournament Irish football sent two teams to France for Euro 2016.

The island of Ireland has a population of approximately 6.5 million; the Republic of Ireland’s first opponents in France – Sweden – has a population of 10 million. Sweden sent over only one team to France.

Ireland is a crowded sporting country. It contains an organization of unique cultural significance and sporting scale, the Gaelic Athletic Association, while rugby has attracted growing modern popularity and sponsorship and media followings. And there is, of course, always the horse.

Football, soccer, has long had to battle for its place in Irish society and that position remains unchanged despite the huge contribution of Irish footballers to Irish life.

In France, both Irelands produced memorable moments, against Ukraine and Italy, and both made it through to the knock-out stage. But both finished third in their group – in previous tournaments there would not have been progression.

Within Ireland the two-team status was remarked upon rarely in 2016, but in France there was consternation from a local journalist at Northern Ireland’s squad base north of Lyon.

The IFA had decorated the sports hall beside the team hotel with squad portraits, celebratory photographs of the qualification campaign and some biographical details of the players.

It was Shane Ferguson who prompted French curiosity as below his picture his place of birth was described as: ‘Derry/Londonderry’. Ferguson not only comes from a city and county where people still cannot agree on its name, he was thought to be another of those players from Derry, which is in Northern Ireland, who would choose to play for the Republic of Ireland. As it turned out, Ferguson was capped by Northern Ireland.

The local journalist pointed at Ferguson and asked the Irish reporters about ‘Derry/Londonderry’, why there were two names for one place.

If the Frenchman was bemused, the Irishmen were equally unsure as to how to begin an answer. If accurate, they knew it would be long, controversial and include many detours through Irish history. And they also knew that it was most likely to feature the words: ‘Well, I wouldn’t start from here if I were you.’

FRANKIE KERR’S KNOWING YOUNG FINGERTIPS SMOOTHED THEIR WAY across the leather skin panels of the freshly-made football. Frankie had threaded a yellow lace through five pairs of holes running along a seam of the brown ball. He had checked the weight, minimum 12oz. It was ready.

The enlarged knuckle on Frankie’s right hand brushed against the ball. The knuckle was a small dislocation from birth that became useful when Frankie started boxing – and at 16 he was amateur Flyweight champion of Ireland.

On this day, that title was a year away. On this day – 1 February 1930 – 15 year-old Frank Kerr had to focus on his Saturday job. It was as a racquet-stringer and ball-lacer at the Athletic Stores sports shop on Bridge Street in the middle of Belfast. On this particular Saturday, though, there was more to do than string tennis racquets and tie up footballs.

Young Frankie had an extra errand. It entailed leaving the shop in the city centre and walking west, away from York Lane where he and his seven brothers were born, towards the Falls Road and a place known locally as ‘Paradise’.

That was the name given to Celtic Park, home of Belfast Celtic Football Club, a unique institution in the history of Irish football, whose team had won the previous four Irish League titles. Belfast Celtic were the strongest, most talented team in Ireland.

In Kerr’s gifted hands were two balls he had prepared that morning. One was a matchball, the other a replacement, and Kerr was to hand them over to Irish Football Association (IFA) officials who that afternoon were staging an Ireland-Wales international in the British Home Championships. The balls were branded: ‘Special Victory’.

The game had been overshadowed by withdrawals from players based in England, such as the great Irish goalkeeper Elisha Scott, who was told to play for his club Liverpool that afternoon. Wintry rain was also a concern to the IFA. They thought it might affect the pitch and the attendance. It poured all Friday in Belfast.

Nevertheless, there was still anticipation. The Belfast Telegraph reported in its preview: ‘Everything is in readiness to house a big crowd.’ It said there would be ‘over 20 turnstiles in operation’ and that ‘there will be the usual special tram service via both Donegall and Falls Roads.’ At Celtic Park, it added, ‘the RUC Band will be in attendance.’

The Wales team had arrived on the boat from Liverpool. The visitors spent Friday at Carlingford Lough on the Irish border, which had been established nine years earlier.

It was the first-ever such match at Celtic Park. From 1910 most Ireland home games had been played at Windsor Park, home of Linfield, Belfast Celtic’s fierce rivals – politically as well as sporting. So, locally, the game was already historic. By its end, there was an international dimension to the history. The final score was Ireland 7-0 Wales. It was a record victory – just like the ball, a special victory.

The pitch had indeed cut up but as the Ireland’s Saturday Night newspaper put it, ‘the representatives of Erin’ held firm. Their kit was blue, St. Patrick’s blue and the headlines read: ‘Welsh Soccer Rout’; ‘7-0 at Paradise’; ‘Tallest Score in International for Forty Years’; ‘Bambrick’s Amazing Achievement’.

The last of those referred to Joe Bambrick, a 24 year-old striker from Linfield who was winning his fifth cap. Bambrick scored the opening goal in the twelfth minute and the second just before half-time. He then got a third, a fourth, a fifth and a sixth. It was 6-0 and Joe Bambrick had scored them all.

His captain, Andy McCluggage, made it seven late on. The Welsh goalkeeper, Dick Finnigan, once of Manchester City, received some praise, but this was to be his first and last cap. It was Bambrick who was shooting and heading his way into history.

‘Ireland seven, Wales nil; Joe had six of the goals.’ This copy of a telegram handed over the Post Office counter by a delighted Linfield enthusiast on Saturday evening tells crisply the story of the game. But what a theme for the novelist is suggested by this message of ten words. All that is required is a little padding. The material is there for a sixty thousand words thriller. Joe Bambrick, of course, would be the hero of the story.’

A prolific centre forward with Linfield in the Irish League, Bambrick would go on to join Chelsea to replace Hughie Gallacher. No-one in Irish or British international football had scored six before in an international, or since.

Bambrick was born and bred on Roden Street, close enough to Celtic Park for the six roars he provoked from the 18,000 crowd who braved the cold – no rain – to be heard in his family’s back yard. Well-known in Irish League football, Bambrick became a sensation beyond the game. Within a week Belfast soft drinks company, Cantrell & Cochrane, had a new product called ‘Joe Six’, while a terrace catchphrase moved from local football’s vocabulary into broader Irish culture:

‘Head, heel or toe

Slip it to Joe.’

Bambrick was famous. Repeatedly described as ‘modest’ and ‘quiet-spoken’, fans loved relaying Bambrick’s laconic and uncharacteristic exchange with Fred Keenor, the fearsome Wales captain and the man who had lifted the 1927 FA Cup for Cardiff City.

‘Six kicks of the ball and you get six goals!’ said Keenor, with a few expletives inserted.

‘Ah, wait a minute Taffy,’ replied Bambrick, ‘one of them was a header.’

Poems were written in Bambrick’s honour, and when he was hospitalised by a severed nerve in his hand ten months later, Joe’s progress was the subject of daily bulletins. The legend of Joe Bambrick grew and grew and on the fiftieth anniversary of his six strikes he was taken back to the dilapidated Celtic Park – by then a dog track – to rekindle memories of the day in 1930 against Wales.

‘It was always a great pitch,’ Bambrick said with a professional’s knowledge, ‘never heavy, though it was a bit soggy that day. I hit two in the first half at the Donegall Road end, then four at the other end in the second half.’ There were few oratorical flourishes, that was not Bambrick’s style. Anyway, those had come half a century before, Ireland’s Saturday Night describing Bambrick’s second goal thus:

Just before the interval, Bambrick got a real old-timer. He successively beat Keenor, Lawrence, Hugh and Jones, carried the ball to within half-a-dozen yards of goal and scored well out of reach, Finnigan and his colleagues seeming to be electrified by this sudden and unexpected turn of events.

Old-timer, all-timer, to Joe Bambrick it came naturally. At Glentoran aged 20, he had also scored six in one match; thereafter at Linfield he scored 539 goals in seven-and-a-half seasons.

The Irish League hosted five additional competitions then, besides the league itself and the Irish Cup, and the change in the offside law in 1925 – caused by another west Belfast man, Bill McCracken, while playing for Newcastle United – made it easier for strikers. Even so, Bambrick was a phenomenon.

In the season of the Wales game, he scored 96 goals, including the six at Celtic Park. He returned to the same venue for the Irish Cup final, where Linfield won 4-3 against Ballymena: Joe Bambrick scored all four.

Observing this from afar was a man who had the misfortune to be Arsenal manager immediately before Herbert Chapman – Leslie Knighton. In 1933 Knighton was managing Chelsea, a young, trophyless club then with a reputation for large crowds and showmanship.

Chelsea were ambitious and, back in England’s First Division in 1930, demonstrated intent by signing the great Gallacher from Newcastle for £10,000, not far short of a world record transfer fee. The idea was that Gallacher would propel the newly-promoted side into title contenders. But although he scored goals, Chelsea flat-lined and in November 1934 Gallacher was sold to Derby County. Knighton, as he said in his memoirs, was quickly on the boat to Ireland:

Before very long I was making that frightful sea crossing to Belfast once again. l have done it so often, and I swear that each time has consistently been worse than the last. But I would cross the Bay of Biscay in a fishing-smack to get the best sort of players that Ireland breeds!

A month after Gallacher left, Joe Bambrick joined Chelsea. Linfield received £3,000 of which £750 went to Bambrick. He could have bought most of Roden Street.

Direct from the Irish League into the Chelsea first team, Bambrick’s debut came on Christmas Day 1934 at home to Aston Villa. His second game was the next day at Villa Park. There Bambrick scored his first Chelsea goal and once settled in London, Bambrick soon scored four against Leeds United, part of a streak of 17 goals in 14 First Division matches. Chelsea were second-bottom when he was signed; they finished 12^th.

Bambrick also scored on the October day in 1935 when Stamford Bridge recorded what was then the largest-ever attendance for a league match – 82,905 – against Arsenal. Chelsea had moved up to eighth, but they were far from champions and even being the club’s top scorer in season 1935-36 did not make Bambrick a Chelsea hero. He is remembered as often for being part of the forward line on the afternoon in 1936 when Sunderland goalkeeper Jimmy Thorpe sustained injuries that killed him a week later. Bambrick scored twice at Roker Park.

Bambrick’s Ireland career also turned curious. While he played in the match after that 7-0 Wales result, he was then omitted for 22 months. Returning to the Ireland team in late 1931, he did not play again until 1935. After three more caps, he was out until 1938. His eleventh and final appearance came in a 1-0 victory over Wales at Windsor Park. Ireland’s scorer: Joe Bambrick.

THE ‘IRELAND’ TEAM THEN REPRESENTED THE IFA. THIS WAS FORMED in Belfast in 1880 and selected players from all 32 counties of a country then unified. After the Partition of Ireland in 1921, a Dublin-based body, the Football Association of Ireland (FAI) was formed. It organised an ‘Ireland’ team which represented the 26 counties of the just-declared Irish Republic, or Irish Free State.

This is how it remains, so that at the European Championships of 2016 in France, the island of Ireland sent two teams, the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.

Back in the 1920s and 30s both Associations insisted they could select players from across the island and more than 30 did so, men such as Billy Lacey and Johnny Carey. The northern IFA ‘Ireland’ continued to pick players who had been born beyond the new Irish border which separated the six counties of Northern Ireland from the 26 counties of the Irish Republic. This explains why, when Bambrick was overlooked by the erratic committee which made decisions then, the player often replacing him was a Dubliner from a very different background, Jimmy Dunne.

Like Bambrick, Dunne was born in 1905. From Ringsend in inner Dublin on the south bank of the River Liffey, Dunne left for English football in 1925, for New Brighton, then in Division Three North with clubs such as Grimsby Town and Rochdale.

Dunne did not stay long. After just eight matches (six goals) Sheffield United offered £800. The Bramall Lane club were about to finish fifth in the First Division – England’s top tier – and this was a considerable sum for a novice.

If United knew about Dunne’s recent past, it was not off-putting. It had included a period of internment at the Curragh and at Portlaoise prison. In a brief obituary in the Irish Press, Dunne was described as ‘a former member of ‘D’ Company IRA’ who had, during incarceration, ‘spent a term on hunger strike’.

It has since been said that Dunne, from a Republican family, was interned by the new Free State government because of the IRA activities of his brother, Christy. It is also said Dunne practiced soccer while behind bars and got a nickname, ‘Snowy’, due to his fair hair.

Jimmy Dunne had been a talented Gaelic footballer but once he had played soccer in England, he was no longer welcomed by the GAA, the Gaelic Athletic Association. He was playing a game ‘foreign’ to the Gaelic ideal.

He played it well. It took time to break through at Sheffield United but once Dunne did he scored with Bambrick frequency. There was a debut against Arsenal in 1926 before his 21^st birthday and a first cap for the northern, IFA Ireland came in 1928 – eight months before Bambrick. But it was not until 1929 that Dunne bloomed.

Bramall Lane was a three-sided stadium, which doubled as a cricket ground for Yorkshire and England, and Dunne started running up cricket scores. Turning 24, there were 42 goals in 43 games in 1929/30, 50 in 47 the next season, then 35 in 40 and 32 in 43 in 1932/33. It says everything about Dunne’s calibre that it was another 63 years before his top-flight record of scoring more than 30 goals in three consecutive seasons was equalled – by Alan Shearer at Blackburn Rovers.

Dunne’s goals in season 1931/32 prompt further modern comparison. In 2015/16 Leicester City’s Jamie Vardy scored in 11 consecutive Premier League games. That took him past the post-1992 Premier League record set by Ruud van Nistelrooy.

But it did not take Vardy past Jimmy Dunne’s top division record. Between 24 October 1931 and New Year’s Day 1932 Dunne scored in 12 consecutive Sheffield United games. Unmatched.

Dunne’s unbeaten run began at Grimsby. Like Belfast, like every other English town, Sheffield had a Saturday night sports paper. Printed on green paper, thus known as the Green Un, it was published immediately after the final whistle and was hugely popular. Its report from Grimsby said: ‘It was good to see Jimmy Dunne scoring goals again, and playing with something of his old dash.’

Liverpool were then beaten at Bramall Lane, Dunne scoring the opener. He scored against Leicester and Bolton Wanderers were next, when Dunne’s heading prowess was compared to Dixie Dean’s, the Green Un’s ‘Big Blades’ column declaring: ‘Last Saturday it was hard to conceive that anyone, I don’t care who it is, can be better than Jimmy. I must dispute the claim that Dean is better. Jimmy’s two goals and the one he made for Oswald were masterpieces.’

A Sheffield derby followed – Wednesday had been League champions in 1930 – and Dunne scored another header. Chelsea were then beaten.

Having played in four of the previous five Ireland (IFA) matches – and scored in each of them – Dunne was called up again to face Wales at Windsor Park on 5 December. He declined. ‘Jimmy has nothing to say by way of explanation and no one can blame him for that,’ commented the Green Un.

In Belfast there was dismay but Dunne could do little wrong in Sheffield, though there was one criticism of the Irishman leading United up the table – his lack of hat-tricks. It was mentioned before the Blades’ next game, at Middlesbrough. On the afternoon he could have been playing in Belfast for Ireland, Dunne was with United at Ayresome Park. The Blades lost 4-3, this despite a hat-trick from Jimmy Dunne.

A detail from the match report was the presence in the crowd of Alf Common. Common was the first-ever £1,000 footballer – in 1905 he moved from Sunderland to Middlesbrough for that fee having previously played for Sheffield United. The history man was watching another history man.

When Dunne scored against Aston Villa his run was noted for the first time in the local press: ‘Jimmy Dunne has scored in his last eight games.’ Sheffield United were fourth in the table. They lost to Newcastle United – Dunne scored of course – and Christmas 1931 brought a double-header against Arsenal. Christmas Day’s 4-1 home win at Bramall Lane was followed by a 2-0 victory at Highbury 24 hours later.

‘The scoring power of Jimmy Dunne has been maintained,’ boasted the Green Un. ‘Today is the eleventh successive Saturday in which Sheffield United’s centre-forward has found the net, in league or international football. It’s fine going.’

What had been noticed is that the Saturday before the Sheffield sequence, Dunne had scored for Ireland against England at Windsor Park. So when Dunne then scored against Blackburn on New Year’s Day 1932 it was his 12^th consecutive league game scoring but his 13^th match overall. The run had taken Sheffield United to second in the table, behind Dean’s Everton.

It ended the day after the Blackburn game, at Fratton Park. Portsmouth won 2-1 and though the Sheffield Telegraph acknowledged ‘an end to Jimmy Dunne’s scoring sequence,’ it said there was ‘no anxiety’. As proof, Dunne scored in the next game, a strike so good the paper produced a diagram of it complete with arrows, a forerunner of graphics used today.

Sheffield United were top of the League and Dunne’s goals had taken them there. This prompted Herbert Chapman to act. Chapman was a Yorkshireman and a former Sheffield United player, but the Arsenal manager’s bid for Dunne was rebuffed. He would have to wait, but wait he did and 18 months after Dunne’s record run, the Green Un reported breathlessly:

Jimmy Dunne, darling of the Bramall Lane crowd, was transferred to Arsenal this morning in a lightning operation. When United sent to his lodgings, Jimmy was in bed. Once he had reached Bramall Lane, however, things went forward in very quick time, and almost the next thing was that he was an Arsenal player, catching the 11.05 train to London in order to assist his new club against Middlesbrough.

It was late September 1933. Four months later, Herbert Chapman died suddenly. Dunne turned out to be the great manager’s last signing. He cost £8,250.

Perhaps in tribute to Chapman, Arsenal won the league title that season. Sheffield United were relegated.

Arsenal won the league the next season, too, but the club had bought Ted Drake from Southampton to replace Dunne, who was downgraded to Highbury’s reserves. Sheffield United tried to buy back their star but Arsenal sold Dunne to Drake’s former club, Southampton, instead.

Dunne passed his 31^st birthday at the Dell and helped the Saints stay in the Second Division, the Championship today. By his 32^nd birthday he was back in Dublin as player-manager of Shamrock Rovers.

All the while he continued to be selected for international football, but having started out with the northern, Belfast version of Ireland in 1928, Dunne finished with the southern, Dublin version of Ireland in 1939. In total he won 22 caps, the last coming in the last international before the Second World War. It was controversial – against Germany in Bremen in May 1939. Adolf Hitler’s armies had already annexed Austria and the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia by then but the FAI had agreed to go.

The Irish were on an end of season tour and had played Hungary in Budapest five days earlier. Hungary’s government was sympathetic to Nazi Germany but the southern version of Ireland was only 28 games old and opponents were hard to come by. The Republic of Ireland, as the team would come to be known, did not play England until 1946, Wales until 1960 and Scotland until 1961. Hungary and Germany, in football terms, offered early recognition and revenue.

In Bremen, the Irish were also offered the chance to make a Nazi salute before kick-off. As with England in Berlin twelve months before, there was official pressure on the players to make the raised arm gesture. The England players did not enjoy being forced to do it and, as captain of Ireland, neither did Dunne. The story re-told from the dressing-room is that as the Irish players were about to salute, Dunne shouted ‘Remember 1916! Remember Aughrim!’

The latter was a lost Irish battle from 1691 and is celebrated in the second line of the Protestant anthem, ‘The Sash My Father Wore’. The photograph of the Irish XI is grainy but several players can be seen giving the Nazi salute. On Dunne it is inconclusive.

The game, for what it is worth, ended 1-1, Germany’s scorer being a 23 year-old from Dresden, Helmut Schoen. He, of course, became manager of post-war West Germany and won the World Cup in 1974.

Dunne had played 15 times for the FAI’s Ireland and scored 13 goals. His record would not be beaten until 1967, by Noel Cantwell. Sadly, aged 44, Dunne died in Dublin the day after watching his Irish successors face Sweden at Dalymount Park. He saw Con Martin score but he did not see his sons, Tommy or Jimmy junior, begin their careers. Tommy won two caps, Jimmy joined Leicester City, where Vardy would later chase down his father’s record, unsuccessfully.

Vardy is from Sheffield. News of Dunne’s death made the front pages there, the Sheffield Star paying this tribute:

His passing will come as a great shock to Sheffielders with whom he was unfailingly popular … Dunne’s leadership often possessed the quality of genius.

JIMMY DUNNE AND JOE BAMBRICK WERE NEVER TOGETHER ON THE same Irish team. Bambrick did not play for the southern FAI Ireland, while Dunne stopped playing for the northern IFA Ireland in 1932.

This remained a new, fluid era for the two Irelands, however. Players continued to be selected for both countries – 20 in total, from the start of the FAI team in a friendly in Italy in 1926, until 1939.

It made for odd overlaps, one example being Coventry City’s Johnny Brown, who played alongside Bambrick for the north in 1938 against Wales, ten months after playing alongside Dunne for the south in Paris against France. In all Brown would play ten games for Ireland – the northern version based in his home town of Belfast – and two, both in 1937, for the FAI team when it was known as ‘Eire’.

Brown is not a celebrated dual-national like Jimmy Dunne or, later, Con Martin or Peter Farrell, but he has some personal importance: he was my father’s uncle. With just over eight years between them, their relationship was brotherly. Johnny Brown is the man on the cover of this book.

That photograph of Brown in his Ireland schoolboy kit lived in an album in our house in east Belfast. Occasionally it would come out, as would one of Brown’s velvet Irish caps and a thick cotton, green Irish schoolboy jersey. It might have been that jersey Brown was wearing in the picture.

Sadly there are no markings or dates on the back of the photograph, which is printed on a postcard. Brown was born in 1914 so the photograph probably dates from 1929 or 1930 when he was 15 and attracting the attention of Belfast Celtic.

Johnny Brown came from 37 Lecumpher Street, off the Beersbridge Road in east Belfast. The Walker side of the family lived initially around the corner in Glenvarlock Street, then on Roslyn Street off the Woodstock Road.

East Belfast was industrial then, dominated by the shipyards which built the Titanic. There was a huge ropeworks too – where Danny Blanchflower’s mother worked – plus many heavy engineering factories such as the Sirocco Works where my father, Tommy, was employed for three decades.

In an intensely political and often violent era, east Belfast was almost exclusively Protestant in religion and Orange in outlook, though those local conditions did not prevent Johnny Brown crossing the city to join Belfast Celtic. The club’s fanbase was largely Catholic and Irish nationalist, but by the 1930s their recruitment policy was talent-based, apolitical. When Elisha Scott became manager and was challenged by fans who wanted more Catholics in the team, and by fellow Protestants who criticised his position at the club, he replied: ‘I don’t play good Protestants or good Catholics, I just play good players.’

Belfast Celtic will not have found it difficult to sign Brown. The now deceased club had a glamour and a pull that few, if any, other Irish club could touch. In his 1963 History of Irish Soccer, Malcolm Brodie reserved the last chapter for Celtic and began:

Belfast Celtic were more than an ordinary soccer team. They were an institution: a club which excited the attention of everyone; a club whose name never fails to create nostalgia. Many contended they were unquestionably the greatest team Ireland has ever known. Certainly I am filled with rapturous thoughts.

Belfast Celtic were formed in 1891 by a group of eight businessmen at No. 88 Falls Road. There was from the beginning a desire to be what is today called a community club, a desire to be like Glasgow Celtic, who made a donation to the new club in Belfast. Without premises, in their first season in the Irish League in 1896/97 Belfast Celtic finished bottom. The lack of a home meant all games were played away, which helps explain results.

On a militarized island, the North Staffordshire Regiment were in the Irish League then and later the Royal Scots Guards would be members. This is how football – or soccer – came to be labelled the ‘Garrison Game’, a view expressed by Irish Republican leader Michael Collins who decried what he saw as the cultural “penetration of Ireland”. Collins said there should be “no soccer for Gaels”.

From their earliest days in the Irish League, Belfast Celtic and their supporters found themselves enmeshed in the discontent and politics of the era. This was to manifest itself at government level, but more frequently on the streets. Belfast Celtic were often most unwelcome visitors to city rivals, particularly Glentoran and Linfield, who were based in Protestant areas. On their first League visit to Glentoran at the Oval, adjacent to the shipyards, Belfast Celtic’s travelling fans were involved in a riot with the locals. In 1899 a cup semi-final with the same opponents at Distillery’s ground, Grosvenor Park, had to be abandoned due to crowd trouble. The matchball was taken and sliced apart by some knife-wielding fans.

Belfast was a city enduring daily political turmoil. The 1899/00 season consisted of so few games, Belfast Celtic became champions for the first time after playing only nine times. The Royal Scots played seven games before being called to the Boer War.

Two years later Belfast Celtic bought a plot of land that would become Celtic Park – ‘Paradise’ – where Frankie Kerr walked to. While it would later attract Bambrick’s goals and Brodie’s eulogies, there was crowd trouble there early on.

In what was a united Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom, Dublin clubs gradually joined the Irish League and in 1910 Bohemians went to Belfast Celtic for an Irish Cup-tie. It too was abandoned following a pitch invasion, the Dubliners having gone ahead through Harold Sloan, who seven years later would die in northern France in World War I.

A culture of street violence was embedded in Belfast and Irish League football came from the streets of the city. Meanwhile in London, in the House of Commons, in 1912 came the Home Rule Bill. Its aim was to give Ireland some governmental autonomy and it was once again on Belfast’s streets where the chief resistance to this was found.

One high-profile English politician who pushed against this resistance, who supported Home Rule, was Winston Churchill. It was Churchill’s father Randolph who had coined the phrase: ‘Ulster will fight and Ulster will be right’, but his son took a different view.

Randolph Churchill’s slogan had been made in 1886 in the Ulster Hall in Belfast and 26 years later, in February 1912, son Winston planned a trip of his own to Belfast to speak for Home Rule. Churchill junior also chose the Ulster Hall as his venue until Ulster Unionists discovered this and scuppered the plan.

When Churchill heard, he wrote frankly to his wife Clementine about an alternative arrangement on the Falls Road, which he said would mean: ‘The Orange faction will be left to brood morosely over their illegal and uncontested possession of the Ulster Hall. Dirty dogs. Chained like suffragettes to the railings . . .’

Churchill needed another venue and the West Belfast MP Joe Devlin offered him the use of Celtic Park. The club agreed. And so, on the Falls Road, Winston Churchill, with Clementine alongside, gave a speech in favour of Home Rule to 5,000 inside a giant marquee erected on Celtic Park, with Irish Nationalist leader John Redmond there too.

Clementine had overcome worries about the threat of being rendered disfigured by what had become known as ‘Belfast confetti’ – it was reported that ‘great quantities of bolts and nuts’ had been looted from the shipyard. The Churchills’ visit was notorious and provocative and their convoy was jostled as it headed towards the Falls. But the Churchills came and went, Belfast Celtic remained and as Barry Flynn writes in Political Football: The Life & Death of Belfast Celtic: ‘Celtic Park as a venue had become politicised and associated with the Nationalist cause.’

As sectarian tensions rose that summer, Catholic workers were expelled from the Harland & Wolff shipyard and when the 1912/13 Irish League kicked off, 14 September brought Linfield to Celtic Park. Reports say 20,000 were there and it was peaceful until half-time. But rival political colours – orange and green – were in evidence: Irish League football had become the theatre for Irish sectarian division.

A fist-fight broke out. Then another. Matters escalated quickly and violently. A shot was fired, then another, guns having joined knives as items to take to a football match in Belfast. A full-scale riot developed and lasted an hour, spreading from the terraces to the pitch.

In the midst of it the Celtic and Linfield players wanted to start the second half. ‘The sound of more gunfire and the sight of four policemen laid out on stretchers soon put an end to any such notions,’ writes Flynn, who adds that much Belfast confetti was ‘exchanged’.

Following ‘a further burst of twenty shots’, the police began to evacuate Celtic Park. But the mayhem continued through the streets and through the night. Dozens of injured spectators were left on the terraces and turf and were eventually treated by medics. Fifty-four men were taken to hospital, five with gunshot wounds.

One witness to this was Ina Heron, daughter of James Connolly, executed by the British Army four years later for his leading role in the Easter Rising.

Belfast was suffering the disfigurement Clementine Churchill had feared and all its citizens knew that two Saturdays later the Unionist firebrand leader Sir Edward Carson had scheduled ‘Ulster Day’. This was the day when over 450,000 men and women signed the Ulster Covenant to oppose Home Rule. It was a defining moment in the history of Ireland and was followed three months later by the establishment of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF). Unionism now had a 90,000-strong dedicated militia. Serious incidents were piling up.

All local football was cancelled on Ulster Day, bar one match – Distillery versus Belfast Celtic at Grosvenor Park, in between the City Hall where Unionism had gathered, and the Falls Road where Celtic fans came from.

The Irish Football Association had reacted to the Celtic Park shooting with a statement declaring ‘that under no circumstances will any [political] flag, banner or other emblems of any kind be permitted inside our respective grounds.’ It was the first of many such pleas.

A year later Glentoran issued one saying it had been instructed by the IFA to point out it was ‘unsportsmanlike’ for crowd behavior to reach a stage ‘whereby the field of play is invaded after the game and revolvers and explosive material used to intimidate players and referee.’

The sound of gunfire at games became sufficiently common for the terms ‘revolver music’ and ‘revolver idiot’ to enter local press coverage of matches.

WHILE BELFAST WAS THE CENTRE OF POLITICAL – AND FOOTBALL – violence, Ireland was a united country and so was its football team. Internationals were held in Dublin as well as Belfast and the Scottish FA complained about the rough treatment it received at a match at Dalymount Park in March 1913. The SFA indicated it might boycott Ireland, a threat it followed through on during the 1970s.

As civil war approached Ireland, the First World War began in the summer of 1914. This diverted some attention from the sectarian strife scarring Belfast. The Irish League played on and the league champions for season 1914/15 were Belfast Celtic, their second title – although the season is recalled as much for Redmond returning to Celtic Park to drill the Irish Volunteers.

That was October 1914. One month later Johnny Brown was born across the increasingly divided city. By the time he started to kick a ball around, the Ireland Brown had been born into had experienced the Easter Rising, the loss of 5,000 men of the 36^th Ulster Division in two days at the Battle of the Somme and, in May 1921, the enacting of the Government of Ireland Act bringing Partition to the island.

Two states were now in existence – the Irish Republic of 26 counties and Northern Ireland, of six counties. In Brown’s future line of work, that would mean two Ireland football teams.

Belfast Celtic continued. So did Belfast violence. When the Irish League resumed after WWI Belfast Celtic won a 14-game league which included Bohemians and Shelbourne from Dublin, an indication of the 32-county nature of the game then.

But the bigger headlines were for two meetings with Glentoran in two cup-ties – in March 1919 and St. Patrick’s Day 1920 – at Cliftonville’s ground, Solitude. On both occasions there was major trouble and at the latter match a man with a gun emerged from the Belfast Celtic fans invading the pitch. He fired into the Glentoran supporters. No-one was killed, five were wounded.

This was the semi-final of the Irish Cup. The IFA responded by kicking out both clubs which meant that the winners of the other semi-final won the Cup without a final. That club was Shelbourne, from Dublin.

But with the Anglo-Irish War, which had led to the agreement to partition Ireland, followed by the Irish Civil War, the entire island was gripped by a long, vicious spasm of suffering and division. And soon there would be no more 32-county football in Ireland.

One of the most violent episodes – and one of the most overlooked – was the frenzy of sectarian murder that gripped Belfast from the summer of 1920 until 1922. Compared to the troubles from 1969 to 1994, the disorders of the early 1920s plumbed depths of hatred that, in hindsight, seem incredible. The football team known as Belfast Celtic would not partake in the local game during that period . . that would have been an impossible task which would, in all probability, have ended in a bloodbath for the team and its supporters.

Flynn notes that some of the worst sectarian excesses were in the Ballymacarrett area of east Belfast, close to where Brown was growing up. The ugly expulsion of Catholic workers from the shipyards fuelled other conflicts. Neighbourhoods changed, the atmosphere changed, Belfast Celtic withdrew from the Irish League as the city underwent its own partition and sowed the seeds of later troubles.

Disturbingly, one of those who suffered in the shipyard was Harry Buckle. Buckle was an Ireland international who played in England with Sunderland and Portsmouth before, at 27, becoming player-manager of Coventry City. He returned to his home town in 1911 to play for Belfast Celtic and to work at Harland & Wolff, where the Titanic was in the last phase of construction. It was a workplace of frequent intimidation and Buckle’s past as an international was deemed less important than his Catholic background. He was once hit by a bolt and was also thrown in the deep dock water.

Somehow there was still some football played in the city. The great England international Charles Buchan recalled visiting in October 1921 for an Irish League versus English League match. The English players were offered the chance to decline the trip but ‘all agreed’ to travel, according to Buchan. He asked his former Sunderland teammate, English McConnell, who lived in Belfast, to show him the local sights.

‘We went by tram,’ Buchan said. ‘As we passed the end of one street the conductor shouted: ‘Down on the floor!’ Without any question we fell flat on our faces. Luckily for us no bullets passed our way.’

By 1924 Belfast Celtic began to consider a return to an altered local football landscape. The establishment of an Irish Republic begat a new Irish association and a new Irish league. In 1922 St. James’s Gate became the first winners of the League of Ireland, a new eight-team division administered by a Dublin body, the Football Association of Ireland.