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Franz Boas (1858–1942) was a giant in the field of anthropology and one of the most prominent scientists to shape the discipline into a rigorously practiced social science. Born and educated in Germany, where he earned a doctorate in physics, Boas's intellectual pursuits swiftly moved toward the study of cultures. He is often termed the 'Father of American Anthropology' for his significant contributions to the field, particularly in cultural relativism and scientific methodology. Boas emphasized the importance of collecting ethnographic data and was a staunch opponent to the prevailing notions of social Darwinism and scientific racism of his time. His work laid the foundation for rejecting broad racial categorizations of humanity and instead argued for the examination of individual cultures on their own terms. One of his notable publications, 'The Central Eskimo' (1888), is a seminal work encapsulating detailed observations of Inuit societies in the North American Arctic. This text is a clear reflection of Boas's dedication to immersive fieldwork and his methodological emphasis on participant observation as a technique to truly understand cultural practices and beliefs. The work continues to be referenced in discussions on ethnohistorical methodologies and the anthropology of circumpolar societies. Throughout his career, Boas also took active roles in academia, primarily teaching at Columbia University, where he influenced a generation of anthropologists with his progressive views on culture and humanity. His literary style is notable for its meticulous detail and its holistic approach to the study of human societies, qualities that have cemented his legacy in the annals of anthropological scholarship.